Contact Person : Dr. O.G. Muojama; Last Date for the submission of abstract : 30-Apr-2019; On the Conference ThemeFor many years, the development challenge has been a rich world of one billion people facing a poor world of five billion people. The real development challenge is that there is a group of countries at the bottom that are falling behind and often falling apart. This has been described by Paul Collier 2007 as The Bottom Billion. Unfortunately, most of the Bottom Billion countries are located in Africa. For example, Nigeria, a country in Africa, has been dubbed the current “world capital of poverty